Climate

The greenhouse effect is an increase in the temperature of the earth’s surface due to the heating of the lower atmosphere by the accumulation of greenhouse gases. As a result, air temperature is greater than it should be, and this leads to irreversible consequences such as climate change and global warming. Several centuries ago, this environmental problem existed, but was not so obvious.

The Urals is a geographical region of Russia, the basis of which is the Ural Mountains, and in the south is the river basin of the river. Ural. This geographical area is the natural border of Asia and Europe, east and west. The Urals are roughly divided into the following parts: southern; North average; circumpolar; polar; Mugodzhary; Pai-Hoi.

Continental climate is a subtype of several climatic zones, which is characteristic of the mainland, remote from the sea and ocean coast. The continental climate occupies the largest territory of the continent of Eurasia and the internal regions of North America. The main natural areas of the continental climate are deserts and steppes.

The territory of the Russian Federation is large and located in several climatic zones. The northern coast lies in the climate of arctic deserts. It has a very cold winter, where the temperature reaches -50 degrees Celsius. The weather is mostly cloudy, there is little rainfall, not more than 300 mm per year. Also in this zone, cold Arctic air masses circulate all the time.

Recently, quite often you can hear that acid rain has begun. It occurs when nature, air and water interact with different pollution. Such precipitation gives rise to a number of negative consequences: diseases in humans; death of agricultural plants; water pollution; forest reduction.

Australia is a special continent, on the territory of which there is only one state, called the mainland. Australia is located in the southern hemisphere of the earth. Three climatic zones are pronounced here: tropical, subtropical and subequatorial. Due to its location, the mainland receives a huge amount of solar radiation every year, and almost the entire territory is dominated by high atmospheric temperatures, so this land is very warm and sunny.

Forest is a natural zone that is found in many climatic zones of the earth. It is represented by trees and shrubs that grow densely and are located in vast territories. In the forest live such species of fauna that can survive in such conditions. One of the useful functions of this ecosystem is the ability to self-renew.

The climate of the planet is not constant, it changes over time. Sometimes the weather of one season of the current year can be very different from the weather of the previous year. In addition, over dozens, and especially hundreds and thousands of years, the climatic situation has changed significantly. Various factors influence this.

In addition to the main climatic zones, in nature there are several transitional and specific, characteristic of some natural zones and a special type of terrain. Among these types, it is worth highlighting the arid, which is inherent in deserts, and the humid, waterlogged climate, located at some points on the planet.

Ozone is a type of oxygen that is located in the stratosphere, approximately at the level of 12-50 kilometers from the earth. The highest concentration of this substance is at a distance of approximately 23 kilometers from the surface. Ozone was discovered in 1873 by the German scientist Schonbein. Subsequently, this oxygen modification was found in the surface and upper layers of the atmosphere.

A temperate climate zone is present on all continents of the earth, except Antarctica. In the southern and northern hemispheres, they have some features. In general, a temperate climate is on 25% of the earth's surface. A distinctive feature of this climate is that it is inherent in all seasons, and four seasons are clearly visible.

Zones with seismic activity, where earthquakes occur most frequently, are called seismic belts. In such a place, increased mobility of lithospheric plates is observed, which is the reason for the activity of volcanoes. Scientists say that 95% of earthquakes occur in particular seismic zones.

In Africa, peculiar climatic conditions. Since the continent crosses the equator, in addition to the equatorial belt, all other climatic zones are repeated. Equatorial belt of Africa The equatorial belt of the African continent is located in the Gulf of Guinea. It has warm air and a humid climate.

Features of the geographical location of Australia, relief and oceans have influenced the formation of a unique climate. A huge amount of solar energy and always high temperatures come here. The air masses prevail tropical, which makes the continent relatively dry. On the mainland there are deserts and tropical forests, as well as mountains with snow-capped peaks.

Many experts offer various options to combat the problem of global warming. This issue is dedicated to the climate conference in Paris, organized by the UN. It was attended by leaders of many countries, including the president of the Russian Federation. This conference was a major historical event, during which agreements and commitments on improving the climate in each country were developed.

Recently, global climate change has become a strong influence on natural phenomena, and accordingly on the agricultural sector. Yields are also negatively affected by floods and droughts. Scientists are developing various climate control methods. The experience of foreign countries In Europe, several years ago, a program was developed and implemented, according to which adaptation to climate change is carried out, with a budget of 20 billion.

The problem of global warming reaches catastrophic proportions. From the height of human growth, this is almost imperceptible, but NASA presented a selection of photographs taken from space heights that make you think. This is a photo of one place with a difference of several years. On some images, places are shown with a difference of 5 years, and in some - 50.

California is in North America, lies in the temperate and subtropical zone. The proximity of the Pacific Ocean is of great importance here. Therefore, a Mediterranean type of climate has formed in California. Northern California lies in a temperate marine climate. West winds blow here. It is relatively cool in summer and warm in winter.

The South China Sea is located off the coast of Southeast Asia in the Pacific Ocean. Important sea lanes pass through this water area, which is why the sea has become an important geopolitical object. However, some countries should reconsider their policies regarding the South China Sea, because their activities adversely affect the ecosystem of the water area.

North America lies in the western hemisphere of the planet, and from north to south the mainland occupies more than 7 thousand kilometers. The flora and fauna are diverse on the continent due to the fact that it lies in almost all climatic zones. Climate of North America The Arctic climate reigns in the vast Arctic, Canadian archipelago and in Greenland.

Subtropical zones are located in both the southern and northern hemispheres of the planet. Subtropics lie between temperate and tropical climatic zones. The subtropical zone has an alternation of seasonal rhythms, depending on the influence of air masses. In the summer, trade winds circulate, and in winter, air flows of temperate latitudes influence.

Nature on the whole planet is diverse and in different parts of the world its animal world is formed, which is characteristic of one or another natural zone. In such places as semi-deserts and deserts severe weather and climate prevail, and a special world of fauna has formed here, which has managed to adapt to this environment.

Climatic conditions in Florida are not uniform throughout the territory. This is due to the fact that the peninsula lies in two climatic zones: most are in the subtropical, and the small southern outskirts are in the tropical. In the north, a humid and monsoon type of climate, in the south is oceanic. Temperature in Florida Solar radiation enters the peninsula unevenly.

South America is considered the wettest continent of the planet because every year it rains a lot. The northern part of the mainland lies in the equatorial zone. It is characterized, especially in the summer, by heavy rains, of which more than 3000 mm fall in a year. The temperature during the year remains virtually unchanged, ranging from +20 to +25 degrees Celsius.

The climatic conditions of Brazil are less uniform. The country lies in the equatorial, subtropical and tropical zones. The country is constantly hot and humid; almost no seasonal changes are observed. The climatic conditions were influenced by a combination of mountains and plains, as well as other natural features of the area.

North America is located in the northern part of the western hemisphere of the planet. The continent stretches over 7 thousand km from north to south, and is located in many climatic zones. Arctic climate On the northern coast of the continent, in Greenland and part of the Canadian archipelago, there is an Arctic climate.

On the equator of the planet passes the equatorial belt, which has unique weather conditions that are different from other climatic zones. There are always high air temperatures and it rains regularly. There are practically no seasonal differences. It is summer all year round. Air masses are large volumes of air.

In Alaska, the climate changes from marine to subarctic, which goes Arctic. This formed the peculiarities of weather conditions, as a result of which five climatic zones can be distinguished. There is a significant coastal area and large water resources, mountains and permafrost areas. Marine Climate Zone The southern part of the peninsula is located in the marine climate zone, which is affected by the climate of the Pacific Ocean.

The climatic conditions of Antarctica are severe due to the polar location of the mainland. It is rare that on the continent the air temperature rises above 0 degrees Celsius. Antarctica is completely covered by thick glaciers. The mainland is under the influence of cold air masses, namely, western winds influence.

The Atlantic and Pacific, Indian and Arctic Oceans, as well as continental water bodies make up the World Ocean. The hydrosphere plays a crucial role in shaping the planet’s climate. Under the influence of solar energy, part of the water of the oceans evaporates and falls in the form of precipitation on the territory of the continents.

In the United States of America, in Utah, there is a national park called Zion. The area of ​​this unique place is about 600 sq. Km. Zion is 24 kilometers long. Places that are now considered protected, the Indians of North America have mastered 5000 years ago.

In 1938, at the direction of one of the most prominent politicians, and concurrently also the President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt created a national park called Olympic. This wildlife museum is one of the most popular tourist spots. Of course, it is somewhat inferior to Yellowstone Park, however, it is considered one of the most attractive protected areas of America.

This national park is one of the most significant natural areas of the state of California (USA). Sequoia National Park is located on the slopes of a ridge called Sierra Nevada. This reserved "place" received an unusual name, thanks to the name of one of the leaders of the Cherokee tribe - Sequoia. In these places, artifacts are still found that tell about the life and customs of the Indians who lived in the area long before the conquering Europeans arrived on the continent.

Are there many places on Earth whose nature not only impresses with its beauty and diversity, but also surprises with unusual landscapes? Lake Nakuru, spread across Kenya, is undoubtedly one of such unusual natural sites. What is so surprising about him? Let's start with the name ... As you know, in this area the indigenous population was a tribe called the Masai.

1983 is considered the year of birth of the Sochi National Park. This is one of the first parks in our country. It was created in order to preserve and restore the pristine and natural nature of the local nature. The total area of ​​the park is 194 thousand hectares. Thanks to the ideal climate, the rarity of many natural sites and pristine nature, the park has become an ideal place for outdoor activities and tourism.

In 1978, the Far Eastern Marine Reserve was created in the Russian Far East. It is located in the region of the Sea of ​​Japan, on its southern coast, and the western part lies on the shores of Peter the Great Bay. The bay is shallow but large. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9Ob4lm5stA The islands located on the bay, along with the mainland strip, also entered the reserve.

Berezinsky reserve is the pearl of Belarus. This part of the natural corner untouched by civilization is partially located in the Minsk region on the territory of the Borisov district, the rest is in the Vitebsk region. The reserve is a huge coniferous massif dotted with a large number of swamps, floodplains of rivers and streams.

The territory of the modern reserve Belogorye for several centuries has been a special zone of interest to scientists, industrialists and nature lovers. Back in the time of Peter the Great, this region was valued for the wood that was mined in these places. She went to build ships. Count Sheremetyev had hunting farms here, and the whole territory was under the protection of the sovereign.

Darwin Biosphere Nature Reserve was founded in 1945. Spread this creation of nature in the Yaroslavl and Vologda regions of Russia. From the moment of its foundation to the present day, it serves the purpose of protecting and closely studying nature in its natural conditions. Darwin Nature Reserve: flora and fauna.

In the southwestern side of the Krasnoyarsk Territory there is an amazing creation of Mother Nature: the Pillars Nature Reserve is a special place, a real miracle of Siberia. Founded in 1925, the reserve protects the natural mountain complexes of rock massifs in the tract "Pillars". On the territory of 47 thousand hectares of pristine taiga covering the territory of the reserve, picturesque cliffs and cliffs are rising into the sky, representing passages from the bowels of the granite-syenite remains, special pinkish-brown crystalline rocks.

Taganay National Park, located in the south of the Urals, was created in 1991. Its area is 568 square km. The climate in the park is characterized by a sharp annual temperature: the maximum summer temperature is +38, and the minimum winter temperature is -50. For its extraordinary attractiveness, these places have become a favorite among many tourists.

Founded in May 1993, the Great Arctic Reserve is a state nature conservation center. Its main goal is to protect and explore the unusual ecosystem of the Arctic. The reserve has an area of ​​4169 thousand hectares. Of these, the water area is 981 thousand hectares. The reserve is the third largest in the world and the first in Eurasia.

Kronotsky Reserve is located on the eastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula. The area of ​​this reserved corner, spread in our country, exceeds 10 thousand square meters. km, which allows it to be attributed to the largest reserves of Russia. This is the state biosphere complex, one of the oldest in the country, founded in 1934, instead of the Sable Reserve that existed since 1882.

Kivach Nature Reserve, located in the south of Karelia, created at the Academy of Sciences back in 1931, is one of the oldest nature protection zones in the country. Its main task is to preserve the northern nature of the country in the implementation of economic problems. Since the fifties, studies have been conducted on its territory aimed at studying the nature of the region.

In 1997, near the Moscow region, a national park called Ugra was established. The park zone has a length of 200 km. A reserved corner of the Russian forest stretched along the rivers Ugra, Zhizdra and Vyssa. Forests are the abode of the richest in number of species and diversity of ecological systems.

This is a beautiful place located on the territory of Buryatia, poets once called the Chivyrkuy fairy tale. We are talking about the Transbaikalia National Park. In this natural park is the well-known Podlemorye with mountains, the peaks of which are covered with snow-white caps, with rivers that quickly run off into the distance and motionless, mirror-like lakes.

Many years ago, the Kola Peninsula was called Russian Lapland, and today in the very center of this peninsula there is a large reserve with an area of ​​about three hundred hectares. The reserve itself is a mountain tundra and northern taiga. Half of the territory of the reserve is occupied by forests, about thirty percent is allocated to the mountain tundra, and the rest is swamps and rivers.

The Valdai National Park is located in the Novgorod region and combines three areas: Okulovsky, Valdai and Demyansk. The park was founded in 1990 to preserve the unique lake and forest complex of the Valdai Upland. Valdai National Park and Iversky Monastery. And also - to create a favorable recreation area, both for guests of the park and for local residents.

The Caucasus - a symbol of the beauty of mountain nature, which excited the imagination of Pushkin, Lermontov, Griboedov, and many other Russian and foreign classics, continues to conquer tourists from around the world with its extraordinary entertainment. Of particular interest to all is the Elbrusier National Park, located on the territory of the Baksan Valley, at the foot of one of the highest peaks in Europe - Mount Elbrus, known for its two peaks.

An adorable corner of the Caucasus, where the mountain slopes are covered with high dense forests, fragrant meadows, the peaks are dazzlingly white, and the rivers are fast and unpredictable. The water in the lakes is specularly clear, and the pearl ribbons of the waterfalls permeate the rocks. Plants and animals are unimaginably numerous and diverse. All this is about Teberdinsky reserve.

The Elk Island National Park is located in Moscow and the Moscow Region. Elk Island consists of two forest parks - Yauzsky and Losinoostrovsky - within the capital and four forest parks located in the Moscow region. Pine tree planting has been underway in the Losinoostrovsky park for over 115 years, since then this amazing place has turned into a real coniferous massif.

Masai Mara African Reserve is one of the most popular places on the hottest continent on Earth. It was founded in 1948 in Kenya, near Tanzania. Nearby is the well-known Serengeti Park. The reserve has a very interesting name, which arose due to the name of the tribe - Masai, who were the indigenous inhabitants of this area.

But did you know that in Algeria there is a unique lake, filled not with water, but with real ink? Ink lake is a real disastrous place for plants and animals, it is worth noting that it is not the only one of its kind. Ink Lake in Algeria. There is a similar "cemetery" for animals in Tanzania, hidden in a pond called Natron.

The Ural Mountains is not only a magnificent construction of Mother Nature, it is also a pantry of amazing protected areas. Zyuratkul National Park is one of the pearls of the Urals. The main attraction of the national park is Lake Zyuratkul. It is the highest mountain lake in the Ural Mountains. This "highlight" of Earth's nature is located 200 km west of the city of Chelyabinsk.

Rivers in the ice - have you heard of this? It turns out that boring and monotonous glaciers can also be surprisingly beautiful. The blue river in Greenland is a place where water of the color of celestial azure flows through a snow-white “blanket” of ice ... First, a little geology. As you know, the island of Greenland is a territory completely covered with ice.

Our blue ball is fraught with many mysteries: on earth, in water and in the air. Thousands of them have not yet been solved by people to the end. One of these places was discovered by the great explorer of the 20th century - Jacques-Yves Cousteau. The Great Blue Hole is a place that deserves a separate story and general attention.

Each national park in Africa has its own face, as well as a special type of savannah in each of the regions. If you are lucky enough to visit the Serengeti or Masai Mara, then you can see rivers that are literally teeming with crocodiles, or how herds of ungulates cut across vast grassy plains. In the Amboseli and Tsavo parks, tourists can see funny monkeys, leopards, rhinos, elephants and other no less interesting animals.

Yellowstone National Park, was founded back in 1872 and is considered the first national park in the United States. He gave impetus to the creation of many conservation sites. This reserve is included in the special list of UNESCO. Today, it is the most popular and visited place among scientists and nature lovers. Hot Spring in Yellowstone National Park The territory of this park is spread immediately on the area of ​​three states.

Once the Maldives was far away and unknown to the whole world ... like the North Pole. But now this place is the most desirable for those who want to soak up the Cote d'Azur. However, it is precisely such a vacation (lying on a deck chair) that can completely ruin your impressions of this island. No, of course you will rest, sunbathe and splash in crystal water.

The Grand Canyon National Park is one of several tourist "capitals" of the USA. His attendance is almost 2 million people a year, like Yellowstone National Park. The Grand Canyon is listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as one of the most unique objects of world geology.

The islands of the Poor Knights are a magical world and a paradise. Only here, in the underwater world, is there such a huge variety of plants and marine animals that land sometimes seems to be a desert. Islands of the Poor Knights. Diver and his "model" These islands are located off the east coast of New Zealand.