Ecological problems

For thousands of years, people have used their planet for selfish purposes. Cities and factories were built, tons of coal, gas, gold, oil and other materials were mined. At the same time, man himself destroyed in a barbaric way and continues to destroy what nature has given us. Thousands of innocent birds, insects, fish perish through the fault of people; the number of endangered species of animals is constantly increasing; destroyed by thousands of hectares of forest, etc.

Forest problems are among the most urgent on our planet. If the trees are destroyed, our land will have no future. Along with the problem of tree felling, there is another - pollution of forests. The forest park zone of any city is perceived as a place to relax, and therefore regularly after the people there are traces of their stay: plastic cans; plastic bags; disposable tableware.

River pollution has been going on for more than two thousand years. And if earlier this problem was not noticed by people, today it has reached a global scale. It is difficult to say whether there were rivers on the planet with more or less pure water, suitable for use without preliminary purification. Sources of river pollution The main reason for river pollution is the active growth and development of socio-economic life on the banks of water bodies.

Industrial enterprises benefit the economies of many countries, but ecologies do harm. To date, the following areas have a negative impact on the environment: metallurgy; petrochemicals; machine-building; chemical. As a result of the operation of these facilities, carbon dioxide and sulphurous gases, ash and toxic gases are released into the atmosphere.

Anthropogenic activity affects the biosphere as a whole. Significant pollution is on the lithosphere. The soil received a negative impact. It loses its fertility and collapses, minerals are washed out, and the earth becomes unsuitable for the growth of various plant species. Types of impacts on the lithosphere The main pollution on the soil is as follows: pollution by chemicals; radioactive elements; agricultural chemistry, pesticides and mineral fertilizers; garbage and household waste; acids and aerosols; combustion products; petroleum products; plentiful watering of the earth; waterlogging of the soil.

One of the significant global problems is the atmospheric pollution of the Earth. The danger of this is not only that people lack clean air, but also that air pollution leads to climate change on the planet. Causes of air pollution. The atmosphere gets various elements and substances that change the composition and concentration of air.

Biological pollution occurs due to anthropogenic impact on the world. Mainly various viruses and bacteria get into the biosphere, which worsen the state of ecosystems, affect species of animals and plants. Sources of biological pollution food enterprises; domestic and industrial wastewater; landfills and landfills; cemeteries; sewer networks.

Man is the most dangerous source of environmental degradation. As a result of economic and industrial activities of people, water, air, soil, and the habitat of many species of flora and fauna are polluted. The most dangerous pollutants: carbon dioxide; car exhaust heavy metals; aerosols; acids.

A large surface of the Earth is covered with water, which generally makes up the oceans. On land there are sources of fresh water - the lake. Rivers are the vital arteries of many cities and countries. The seas are fed by a large number of people. All this suggests that there can be no life on the planet without water. However, man neglects the main resource of nature, which led to a huge pollution of the hydrosphere.

There are a huge amount of water on Earth, images from space prove this fact. And now there are concerns about the transient pollution of these waters. Sources of pollution are emissions of domestic and industrial wastewater into the oceans, radioactive materials. The causes of water pollution of the oceans. People have always sought water, it was these territories that people tried to master in the first place.

One of the significant environmental problems of our time is chemical pollution of the environment. Primary types of chemical pollution - chemical pollutants are formed due to natural and anthropogenic processes; secondary - occurs as a result of physico-chemical processes. People have been caring for the preservation of the ecological situation for several decades, including the developed countries of the world implementing state programs to improve the state of the environment.

Global warming causes glaciers to melt on all continents, including Antarctica. Previously, the mainland was completely covered with ice, but now there are plots of land with lakes and rivers, free of ice. These processes occur on the coast of the ocean. This will be helped by images taken from satellites, where you can see the relief without snow and ice.

Today, there are many types of pollution, and many of them have different scales of distribution. Radioactive contamination occurs depending on the object - the source of radioactive substances. This type of pollution can occur due to nuclear weapons tests or because of an accident at a nuclear power plant.

Modern cities are not only new houses and bridges, shopping centers and parks, fountains and flower beds. These are automobile traffic jams, smog, polluted reservoirs and piles of garbage. All these problems are characteristic of Russian cities. Environmental problems of Russian cities. Each settlement has a number of its own problems.

The hydrosphere is not only the water surface of the earth, but also groundwater. Rivers, lakes, oceans, seas together form the oceans. It occupies much more space of our planet than land. Basically, the composition of the hydrosphere includes mineral compounds that make it salty. On Earth, there is a small supply of fresh water suitable for drinking.

The Sea of ​​Japan is located on the outskirts of the Pacific Ocean. It washes the shores of Japan and Russia, China and Korea, being the economic zone of these states. Since the reservoir has the same environmental problems as other seas of the planet, the government of these countries carries out various actions to preserve the nature of the sea.

The White Sea is a half-isolated inland water body that belongs to the Arctic Ocean basin. Its area is small, divided into two uneven parts - southern and northern, connected by a strait. Despite the fact that the waters of the hydraulic system are very clean, the sea is still subject to anthropogenic impact, which in turn leads to pollution and environmental problems.

By the beginning of the 21st century, the territory of the Crimean peninsula has already been fully developed by people and is quite densely populated. There are both natural landscapes and settlements, however, the influence of the anthropogenic factor is significant and there are no more than 3% of places untouched by man. Here, rich nature and terrain can be divided into three zones: steppe zone; massif; sea ​​coast.

As a result of anthropogenic activities, the environment lends itself to various types of pollution. This significantly affects not only the lives of people, but also the state of the climate, flora, fauna, and leads to sad consequences. The main source of pollution is the invention of people: cars; power plants; nuclear weapon; industrial enterprises; chemical substances.

One of the pressing environmental problems is the problem of rivers. Every year, the need for water conservation is increasing. Russia is the leader in fresh water reserves, but the water of more than 70% of the rivers is polluted and is not even suitable for technical use. One of the reasons is the lack of water treatment facilities.

Between the server pole and Norway is the Barents Sea. On its territory there are a huge number of islands, some of which are grouped. Partially water surface is covered with glaciers. The climate of the water area depends on weather conditions and the environment. Experts consider the Barents Sea to be special and very clean.

Human activities significantly affect the environment. So air pollution was the first environmental problem that people noticed. The detrimental effect leads to a change in the background and chemical composition of the atmosphere. Clean air is necessary for the functioning of many processes of nature. It is required for life by representatives of flora and fauna, participates in the chemical processes of water areas, retains heat on the ground, etc.

The Laptev Sea is located in the Arctic Ocean, which influenced the ecology of this water area. It has the status of the marginal sea. On its territory there are a huge number of islands, both individually and in groups. As for the relief, the sea is located on the territory of the mainland slope, on a small ocean bed and in the shelf zone, and the bottom is flat.

Among the variety of environmental problems of the world, special attention should be paid to the problems of the Siberian Plain. The main source of environmental problems for this natural facility is industrial enterprises, which very often “forget” to install treatment facilities. The Siberian Plain is a unique natural site whose age is approximately 25 million years.

Oceans are the largest bodies of water on the planet. It would seem that garbage, domestic wastewater, acid rain should not significantly worsen the condition of ocean waters, but this is not so. Intensive anthropogenic activity affects the state of the oceans as a whole. Plastic waste For people, plastic is one of the best inventions, but for nature this material has a detrimental effect, since it has a low level of biodegradation.

The sea is a unique object of nature in which the ocean, land and atmosphere interact, not excluding the influence of the anthropogenic factor. A special natural zone is emerging on the sea coasts that affects ecosystems located nearby. The waters of rivers flowing through various settlements flow into the seas and nourish them.

St. Petersburg is the second largest and largest city in Russia; it is considered the cultural capital of the country. The bulk of the environmental problems of this locality is caused by urbanization processes. Consider below the current environmental problems of the city. Air pollution In St. Petersburg, there is a very high pollution of the atmosphere, since the exhaust gases of vehicles and enterprises of the chemical and metallurgical industries get into the air.

Krasnoyarsk Territory is the second largest among the subjects of the Russian Federation. Here, intensive mining is carried out, with which the territory is rich. Most of the region is occupied by forests, which is the richest resource of wood. Excessive forest exploitation creates many environmental problems. In terms of environmental pollution, Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the three leaders that have many environmental troubles.

The main environmental problems of Novosibirsk are that the city is located on a granite slab, the soil of which contains a high level of radon. Since there is a forest zone on the territory of the city, regular exploitation of the forest and felling of trees takes place, which leads to a change in all interconnected ecosystems.

The Sea of ​​Okhotsk washes the coast of Japan and Russia. In the cold season, it is partially covered with ice. Salmon and pollock, capelin and herring are found in this water area. There are several islands in the waters of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, among them the largest - Sakhalin. The water area is seismically active, since there are about 30 active volcanoes, which subsequently causes tsunamis and earthquakes.

The Baltic Sea is the inland continental water area of ​​Eurasia, which is located in northern Europe and belongs to the Atlantic basin. With the oceans, water exchange is carried out using the Kattegat and Skagerrak straits. More than two hundred rivers flow into the sea. It is they who carry the dirty water that flows into the water area.

The smallest sea on the planet is the Sea of ​​Azov and it is a unique natural object. In the water area, a rich world of flora and fauna is represented, and in the waters there is healing mud, which is used for medicinal purposes. However, at the moment, the ecosystem of the Sea of ​​Azov is being intensively depleted by human activities, which leads to environmental degradation.

Many people have lost respect for nature, treat it only with consumer interest. If this continues to continue, then humanity will destroy nature, and therefore themselves. To avoid this catastrophe, it is necessary for people from early childhood to instill a love for animals, plants, to learn how to use natural resources correctly, that is, to conduct environmental education.

Moscow is one of the ten most dirty cities in the world, having a huge list of environmental problems. The source of many problems and even disasters is the chaotic development of the capital. For example, the boundaries of the city are constantly expanding and what used to be a suburb becomes a remote area of ​​the metropolis.

Modern society is inextricably linked with the ecology of the planet as a whole, in connection with which we can state the existence of social environmental problems. Among them, the most relevant are the following: population explosion; gene pool change; overpopulation of the planet; shortage of drinking water and food; deterioration of people's lifestyle; urbanization; increase in bad habits and diseases of people.

Most of the world's population lives in cities, which is why urban areas are overloaded. At the moment, it is worth noting the following trends for urban residents: deteriorating living conditions; disease growth; decline in productivity of human activity; reduced life expectancy; environmental pollution; climate change.

Economic and environmental problems are closely related, and solving one of them, the second cannot be ruled out. The state of the environment directly forms the potential of the economic sphere. For example, resources for industrial enterprises are extracted in the natural environment, and the productivity of plants and factories depends on their quantity.

In the ranking of polluted cities in the world, Kiev is 29th. The capital of Ukraine has problems with air and water, industry and household waste have a negative effect, there is a threat of the destruction of representatives of flora and fauna. Atmospheric pollution Experts estimate the degree of air pollution in Kiev - as above average.

In today's world, the need for people to use energy resources is increasing. At the moment, the following types of sources of the energy industry are being operated: fossil fuels - coal, gas; water; atomic nucleus. Nuclear energy and water energy is converted into electricity, supplied to the population for the livelihoods of settlements.

The Amazon is the longest river in the world (over 6 km) and belongs to the basin of the Atlantic Ocean. This river has many tributaries, so it has a huge amount of water. During periods of rains, the river floods vast tracts of land. On the shores of the Amazon a wonderful world of flora and fauna has formed.

In North America, there are many rare plants that are on the verge of extinction. To save them, you need to make a lot of effort. Agave Arizona agave is a succulent that has a short stem; in some plants, it is completely absent. Peduncle 10 meters in size with spike-shaped inflorescences, has many yellow flowers.

The transport system, both of any locality and of individual countries, raises a number of medical, social and environmental problems. Today, the following modes of transport are common: automobile; electric transport; air transport; navigable. Thanks to transport, it became possible to very quickly move passengers and goods over great distances.

Broad-leaved and coniferous trees grow in mixed forests. This natural area has warm summers and mild winters. Precipitation falls during the year quite a lot - up to 800 mm. Under such conditions, a rich flora and fauna were formed. Deforestation issue Most of the environmental problems of mixed forests depend on human activities.

In the twentieth century, the world has changed dramatically due to the vigorous activity of people. Like other spheres, the economic sphere also developed. All this has significantly affected the deterioration of the ecology of our planet, has given rise to many global environmental problems, including climate change. Biosphere Pollution Economic activity poses a global problem such as biosphere pollution: Physical pollution.

The environmental problems of the lakes are similar to those characteristic of inland seas. First of all, economic and industrial activities of people negatively affect water bodies, since the water of lakes is used for various needs, and it gets into dirty water bodies and is practically not cleaned. This leads not only to water pollution, but also to a change in the thermal regime of the ecosystem.

Environmental insurance involves legal protection of the environment, where there is an increased risk in connection with the operation of any industrial facility. For example, this could be the danger of an enterprise explosion, pollution of water, air, land. The purpose of this procedure is, in the event of a threat, to maximally compensate the environment for which the harm was done.

Ecologically, disasters happen after the negligence of people who work in industrial enterprises. One mistake can cost thousands of human lives. Unfortunately, environmental disasters happen quite often: a gas leak, an oil spill, forest fires. Now let's talk more about each catastrophic event.

Global environmental problems should include the problems of the animal world, which is an integral component of the biosphere. Animals take part in the biotic cycle of energy and substances on the planet. All other elements of ecosystems depend on the stability of the fauna. The problem of reducing animal populations occurs not only because the environment is deteriorating, but also because people use them as food.

Modern construction of both large cities and small towns involves the construction of various residential, social and commercial facilities. In general, the construction industry affects the formation of a number of environmental problems: excessive consumption of energy resources, which leads to the depletion of natural resources, especially non-restored; change in the environment, landscapes; the destruction of representatives of flora and fauna due to their displacement from their usual places of residence; overload of the transport system, which leads to air pollution; negative impact of wastewater; increase in the amount of household and industrial waste; water pollution; the shading of the territories in which the development is carried out, which leads to a shortage of sunlight, which is necessary for the life of flora and fauna; locations become less resistant to earthquakes; work on construction sites is detrimental to human health; fires may occur.

The main environmental problem of the plant world is the destruction of vegetation by people. It is one thing when people gather wild berries, use medicinal plants, and another thing when fires destroy thousands of hectares of all living things that are on the territory. In this regard, the destruction of flora is a pressing global environmental problem today.

The main problem is the depletion of natural resources. In nature, there are minerals that are not restored, restored slowly or quickly. And as a rule, the most valuable resources that people use are not restored, but no one thinks about what we will do when we run out of oil, natural gas, and coal.